Try describing something without highlighting its specialties or recognizing features. It’s tough, right?
It’s very difficult to describe an object, a person, or a thing without mentioning its features.
This is where concepts like adjectives come into play; they make communication easier and more precise.
And much like English grammar, Hindi grammar has its own set of adjectives, and they play a vital role in parts of speech.
So without further adieu
Table of Contents hideLike in English grammar, Adjectives (विशेषण) describe the characteristics of nouns (संज्ञा) or pronouns (सर्वनाम).
Some words describe the characteristics of adjectives, called प्रविशेषण (pravisheshan or adjective clause).
विशेषण (visheshan or adjectives) | संज्ञा (sangya or noun) | वविशेषन + संज्ञा |
नीला ( Neela or Blue ) | तालाब ( taalab or pond ) | नीला तालाब ( blue pond ) |
लाल ( laal or Red ) | किला ( Kila or Fort ) | लाल किला ( Red Fort ) |
मोटा ( mota or Fat ) | बिल्ला ( Billaa or Cat ) | मोटा बिल्ला ( Fat Cat ) |
दो ( do or Two ) | लड़के ( ladke or Boys ) | दो लड़के ( Two Boys ) |
Adjectives (विशेषण ) have the following four types
The group of words which give the sense of quality, color, shape or defect, etc. of a noun or pronoun is called गुणवाचक विशेषण ( Guna vaachak visheshan or Attributive adjectives ).
गुणवाचक विशेषण के उदहारण
स्पर्श – कोमल , ठोस , कठोर
पत्थरो की सतह ठोस होती है |
वह ताकिया बडा कोमल है |
गुण – दोष – सच , झूठा , पवित्र , शांत , आलसी
एडम को न्यायालय मे झूठा साबित कर दिया गया |
क्रोध मे हर कोई सच बोल देता है |
स्थान – भारतीय , पंजाबी , बंगाली , रुसी , अमेरिकी
हूवर बांध अमेरिका मे स्थित है |
बंगाली भोजन मे मछली का बोहोत इस्तेमाल किया जाता है |
रंग – लाल , सफ़ेद , हरा , काला
लाल गुलाब प्रेम के प्रतीक है |
बादल सफ़ेद रंग के होते है |
स्वाद – मीठा , खट्टा , तीखा , कड़वा
एप्पल पाय अमेरिका का एक प्रसिद्ध मीठा पकवान है |
केरोलाइना रिपर जगत की सबसे तीखी मिर्च है |
अवस्था – धनवान , दुर्बल , निर्धन , दरिद्र
बील गेट्स धनवान है |
उनकी बेटी जंग से लौटकर दुर्बल हो गयी |
आकार – गोला , छोटा , लंबा , बड़ा
चूहा बोहोत छोटा होता है |
दिशा – पूर्व , पश्चिम , उत्तर , दक्षिण
आईसलॆड उत्तर मे स्थित एक प्रदेश है |
पूर्व के महाद्वीप प्राचीन ग्यान के लिये जग प्रसिद्ध है |
The group of words which gives the sense of the number of the noun is called संख्यावाचक विशेषण ( Sankhya vaachak visheshan or Numerical adjectives ).
They are further divided into two categories.
The adjective denotes a definite number.
Example: एक दर्जन, दस, पांच or ( dozen, ten, five)
दो दर्जन केले देना | ( Give me Two dozen bananas. )
दस बोरी चावल लाना | ( Get ten sacks of rice. )
The adjective which doesn’t indicate a definite number of adjectives,
Example: कुछ, थोड़े, बहुत or ( some, little, a lot )
कुछ चम्मच चीनी देना | ( Give me few spoons of sugar. )
मुझे लोगों से बात करना बहुत अच्छा लगता है | ( I like talking to people a lot. )
The group of words which give information about the quantity are called परिमाणवाचक विशेषण ( Parimaan vaachak visheshan or Quantitative adjectives )
There are two subcategories to परिमाणवाचक विशेषण
The adjectives that convey the knowledge of a certain quantity of something is known as निश्चित परिमाणवाचक विशेषण ( nischit parimaan vaachak visheshan or Definite Quantitative Adjective ).
The adjectives which do not make sense of a definite quantity of things is known as अनिश्चित परिमाणवाचक विशेषण (anischit parimaan vaachak visheshan or Indefinite Quantitative Adjectives ).
The pronouns which act as adjectives and come before the noun and give their indication are called सार्वनामिक विशेषण ( saarvanaamik visheshan or Indicative/universal adjectives ).
You will never feel short on the amount of adjective words you may know.
You can always create more adjective words as a result of derivation from nouns, pronouns and verbs as their root.
विशेषण की रचना संज्ञा से
संज्ञा शब्द | विशेषण |
चमक (shine) | चमकीला (shiny) |
आदर ( respect ) | आदरणीय ( respected ) |
दो ( two ) | दूसरा ( second ) |
दिन ( day ) | दैनिक ( daily ) |
परिवार ( family ) | परिवारिक ( familiar relationship ) |
विशेषण की रचना सर्वनाम से
सर्वनाम | विशेषण |
तुम ( you ) | तुम्हारी ( yours in feminine ) |
यह ( this ) | ऐसा (like this ) |
में ( me ) | मेरा ( mera ) |
वह ( that ) | वैसा ( like that ) |
विशेषण की रचना क्रिया से
क्रिया | विशेषण |
बनाना ( making ) | बनावटी ( fake ) |
भागना ( run ) | भगौड़ा ( coward ) |
बेचना ( selling ) | बिकाऊ ( available ) |
घूमना ( roaming ) | घुमक्कड़ ( wanderer ) |
पढ़ना ( reading ) | पढ़ाकू ( studious ) |
कमाना ( earning ) | कमाऊ ( earning memeber ) |
Comparing the merits and demerits is called comparing/ states of adjectives ( विशेषण की अवस्था ).
There are three different states in adjectives
Adjectives are used without comparison with anyone, in their most root state.
An adjective used to compare things or people, to refer to an excess or deficiency of something in the following sentences, is referred to as उत्तरावस्था ( Uttaraavastha or following state ).
When more than two people, things, or beings are judged to have more characteristics than the ones that are mentioned, they are stated to be in उत्तमावस्था ( uttamaavastha or best / excellent state ).
In this state, the words are suffixed with तम(tam), सबसे(sabse), सबमे(sabme), सर्वाधिक(sarvaadhik)।
The suffixes mentioned above are used to establish a comparative state of adjective.
मूलावस्था | उत्तरावस्था | उत्तमावस्था |
महान | महानतर | महानतम |
कठिन | कठिनतर | कठिनतम |
उच्च | उच्चतर | उच्चतम |
विशाल | विशालतर | विशालतम |
सूंदर | सुन्दरतर | सुन्दरतम |
तीव्र | तीव्रतर | तीव्रतम |
निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में विशेषण पहचान कर दिए गए रिक्त स्थान में लिखे
बहुविकल्पि प्रश्न , वक्यो के रेखांकित विशेषणो के भेद चुनिये
रिक्त स्थान में उचित विकल्प भरे
रिक्त स्थान की पूर्ति कीजिये
उड़ | वह | कुछ | कहानी | कुछ | बोहोत तेज | कोई | गरीब |
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Published April 6, 2022 By PK Mystery Categorized as HindiYou must be logged in to post a comment.